Given the right chemical conditions in the subsurface arsenic can dissolve into ground water used for drinking water. Arsenic can also enter water resources through industrial and mining surface runoff that eventually enters groundwater. Satinder ahuja, in handbook of water purity and quality, 2009. However, most of the arsenic in food is in an organic carboncontaining form whichis much less harmful than the inorganic arsenic. Worldwide occurrences of arseniccontaminated groundwater forms and toxicity. Groundwater pumped through familybased tubewells contained a tot al average of 159. Nov 29, 2016 arsenic in groundwater resources of the united states by alan h. Arsenic levels in groundwater 50 20 50 10 20 in ugl. In rural communities that rely on groundwater for drinking water, the risk from exposure may pose a public health threat, especially when groundwater pumping can increase arsenic solubility.
Groundwater arsenic contamination throughout china science. Proceedings of the fourth international conference on arsenic exposure and health effects, june 1822, 2000, san diego, california. The contaminated areas lie in the vast alluvial plains and delta of the ganges. Arsenic dissolves in water and may be present in groundwater, lakes, and. The release of arsenic from geothermal systems into surface and ground waters compromises the use of these waters as drinking water resources. Groundwater concentrations in argentina are reported to range as high as about 15,000. Nae website arsenic filters for groundwater in bangladesh. At some sites, the plume of groundwater containing arsenic at concentrations greater than. Yet in many places, populations have little choice but to continue drinking arsenic contaminated water. Provides a viable reference, describing the stateofknowledge on sources of arsenic contamination in ground water, which affects about 100 million people worldwide. In surface waters, as contamination can also adversely affect aquatic ecosystems, accumulating in sediments and plants. It is now accepted that the major sources of arsenic contamination in the groundwater of bangladesh are geological deposits, and its release occurs through natural processes 12,32,33, although a number of anthropogenic sources e. Arsenic exists in oxidation states of 3, 0, 3 arsenite, and 5 arsenate cas no. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element found in soil and bedrock throughout wisconsin.
Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a form of groundwater pollution which is often due to naturally occurring high concentrations of arsenic in deeper levels of groundwater. Nov 22, 2002 field injection of molassesamended groundwater produced an initial rise in arsenic concentration fig. Development of lowcost technologies for removal of arsenic. Arsenic contaminated groundwater and its treatment options in.
Andres sanchez, wrrc graduate outreach assistant arsenic contamination of groundwater is a problem in many areas of the world, including arizona. Elevated levels of arsenic can be found naturally in groundwater in some areas of illinois. Pdf on sep 1, 2018, john m mcarthur and others published arsenic in groundwater find, read and cite all the research you need on. Arsenic contamination of groundwater affects millions of people in southern asia. Arsenic in groundwater cerro gordo county department of public.
Naturallyoccurring arsenic may be mobilized into shallow groundwater by inputs of biodegradable organic carbon, including petroleum hydrocarbons. Longterm exposure to arsenic in drinking water is known to increase risks of. Arsenite asiii, the reduced form of inorganic arsenic, usually exhibits greater mobility in groundwater than the oxidized form, arsenate asv largely due to the greater attraction of asv to aquifer. The source of arsenicrich iron oxyhydroxides must therefore lie in the ganges source region. Sep 09, 2008 provides a viable reference, describing the stateofknowledge on sources of arsenic contamination in ground water, which affects about 100 million people worldwide. International groundwater resources assessment centre report nr. Arsenic levels in groundwater 50 20 50 10 20 usgs thesaurus arsenic inlandwaters groundwater iso 19115 topic. Exposure to arsenic in drinking water has been linked to negative health effects including cancer. Many of the people drinking excessive levels of arsenic are poor andor latino or africanamerican, with a cluster in the san joaquin valley. Drinking water with elevated levels of arsenic is a primary exposure route. This manual was developed to explain the mobilization, transport and attenuation mechanisms of naturallyoccurring arsenic in groundwater at. Geographical extent of areas contaminated with arsenic is shown on six continental maps figure 1 through 6.
Identify the populations most heavily exposed to arsenic. Concentrations of inorganic forms arsenite, as iii and arsenate, as v of arsenic as present in groundwater, agricultural soils and subsurface sediments located in the middle gangetic plain of bihar, india were determined. The arsenicrich groundwater is mostly restricted to the alluvial aquifers of the ganges delta 3, 6. Arsenic is a metallike substance found in small amounts in nature. Most of the arsenic found in groundwater is either inorganic asiii mainly as uncharged arsenious acid, or inorganic asv in the form of arsenic acid minus one or two of its protons so with a charge of 1 or 2. Under certain conditions, arsenic can be released into groundwater and enter water wells. Arsenic occurs naturally as a trace component in many rocks and sediments. Arsenic mobility and transport through the subsurface is largely controlled by the interaction of groundwater with aquifer sediments. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a serious problem faced by all over. Millions of people from different countries are heavily dependent on groundwater containing elevated level of as for drinking purposes. Statistical modeling of global geogenic arsenic contamination. Two hundred villages that had already been identified as having arsenic contaminated tubewells were sur.
It is also present from industrial output, such as burning of arsenic containing compounds, and agriculture waste byproducts. Occurrence and mobility of arsenic in groundwater used for. Bangladesh, west bengal, india, and sites in china. It is a highprofile problem due to the use of deep tubewells for water supply in the ganges delta, causing serious arsenic poisoning to large numbers of people. In india, the geogenic arsenic problem is spread over a large geographical area and arsenic contaminated groundwater has been reported for the states of assam, bihar, chhattisgarh, uttar pradesh, and west bengal chakraborti et al. Arsenic as causes health concerns due to its significant toxicity and worldwide presence in drinking water and groundwater. Groundwater contamination of arsenic can occur from various anthropogenic sources such as pesticides, wood preservatives, glass manufacture, and other miscellaneous arsenic uses. Development of lowcost technologies for arsenic removal from groundwater 103 available gravel gravel size passing 34.
The degree of groundwater arsenic contamination by aforesaid anthropogenic sources is much less as compared to the natural sources. As contamination of groundwater, poses a serious risk to human health. Arsenic centers for disease control and prevention. Critical evaluation of a simple arsenic removal method for groundwater of bangladesh. For example, a survey of municipal water supplies by the kolkata municipal corporation kmc. Recognized as a toxic element for centuries, arsenic today also is a human health concern because it can. Arsenic levels tend to be higher in drinking water that comes from ground sources, such as wells. Longterm exposure to arsenic through drinking contamined water can result in a chronic arsenic poisoning. The ironsludge ferric hydroxidewater slurry was either.
Some sites that might not have needed groundwater treatment to remove arsenic under the former mcl of 0. Arsenic in groundwater poses ongoing challenge wrrc. Arsenic contaminated groundwater and its treatment. Arsenic in drinkingwater world health organization. Arsenic is widely distributed throughout the earths crust, most often as arsenic sulfide or as metal arsenates and arsenides. Arsenic arsenic is a naturally occurring element that is found in combination with either inorganic or organic substances to form many different compounds. Arsenic in groundwater a world problem samsamwater. Organic forms of arsenic are rare in groundwater, so we will ignore them in this discussion. It is also released into the environment by volcanoes and mining processes. Arsenic enters water sources through erosion of natural deposits in rocks. A retrospective analysis on the occurrence of arsenic in. The major sources of as pollution may be natural process such as dissolution of ascontaining minerals and anthropogenic activities such as percolation of water from mines, etc. While moderate to higher concentrations of arsenic in the groundwater were found in 107 countries chakrabarti, singh et al. Bhattacharya and others published arsenic in groundwater of india find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Detections were more common and concentrations generally were higher in the west than in the east. Pdf arsenic in the groundwater environment prasenjit paul. Arsenic contamination was reported as early as 1938. Dissolved sulfate, which was introduced from the molasses, also fell from. Groundwater is the sole source of drinking water in most of tazewell county. Toxic levels of arsenic have been detected in water supply wells in the united states6 and abroad,7 creating a health risk for a large fraction of the worlds population and a direct, superfunddriven need to monitor and measure arsenic for the effective remediation of waste sites. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element, but longterm exposure can cause cancer in people. Arsenic poisoning of bangladesh groundwater nature. Arsenic contaminated groundwater and its treatment options.
Arsenic in new jersey ground water arsenic as is a toxic element that is known to pose a risk of adverse health effects in people who consume water containing it. Known aquifer types and sources of contamination are also included. The safe drinking water act requires public water supplies to stay below a maximum contaminant level mcl of 10 parts per billion of arsenic. Arsenic contamination of groundwater wiley online books. Longterm exposure to arsenic in drinking water is known to increase risks of skin, bladder, lung, liver, colon, and kidney cancer.
Api groundwater arsenic manual attenuation of naturallyoccurring arsenic at petroleum impacted sites publication 4761 february 2011 erms austin office 206 e. Arsenic is widely distributed throughout earths crust, generally as arsenic sulfide or as metal arsenates and arsenides. Approximately 296 million individuals worldwide are at risk of arsenic toxicity chakrabarti, singh et al. Studies to date in west bengal show that vast areas are contaminated with arsenic in groundwater with concentration 10. Sep 01, 2008 critical evaluation of a simple arsenic removal method for groundwater of bangladesh. Groundwater contamination an overview sciencedirect topics. Arsenic in groundwater may also be the result of contamination caused by hazardous waste or industries that use arsenic. Arsenic in groundwater resources of the united states. Aug 23, 20 the solubility of arsenic in groundwater aquifers is controlled by a number of hydrologic and geochemical factors. Proven alternatives for aboveground treatment of arsenic in.
The usgs studies local and national sources of arsenic to help health officials better manage our water resources. A 2007 study found that over 7 million people in more. The trivalent and pentavalent forms are the most common oxidation states. From both the biological and the toxicological points of view, arsenic compounds can be classified into three. Oct 14, 2014 the degree of groundwater arsenic contamination by aforesaid anthropogenic sources is much less as compared to the natural sources. Exposure to inorganic arsenic typically occurs through groundwater usedfor drinking and cooking. The study revealed arsenic concentrations in the groundwaters ranging from 50. Pdf on jan 1, 2018, dipankar chakrabarti and others published arsenic. The purpose of this report is to provide a synopsis of the availability, performance, and cost of arsenic treatment technologies for soil, water, and waste. Arsenic in groundwater resources of the united states by alan h. Occurrence in groundwater find, read and cite all the research you need on. Arsenic dissolves in water and may be present in groundwater, lakes, and rivers. Focazio abstract arsenic is a naturally occurring element in rocks, soils, and the waters in contact with them. In 1997 a project designed to establish the extent of the problem in a sample population was authorized by the government of bangladesh.
Most of shallow aquifers depth arsenic as, iron fe and manganese mn. Drinking water containing high levels of arsenic may cause health problems. Development of lowcost technologies for removal of. A large source of total arsenic comes from the food we eat. Figure 1 shows the locations of community public groundwater supplies where, utilizing existing treatment, finished water will likely exceed the new standard unless additional treatment is applied. An overview of regions with groundwater containing arsenic in excess of 50 gl is given in appendix 1. Whether the arsenic is released from these geologic sources into groundwater depends on the chemical form of the arsenic, the geochemical conditions in the aquifer, and the biogeochemical processes that occur. Unusually high levels have been reported in carbonate spring waters in new zealand, romania, the russian federation and the. A retrospective analysis on the occurrence of arsenic in groundwater resources of the united states and limitations in drinkingwatersupply characterizations waterresources investigations report 994279 arsenic in water from 18,850 wells and springs greater than 10 gl 5 to 9. Arsenic also can be released into groundwater as a result of.
About 7 percent of the wells sampled contained arsenic at a concentration that. In an effort to provide a focused assessment of risk to arsenic exposure from groundwater. Although, exposure is possible in the following ways. It is, rather, a brief summary of as pollution in the areas shown in fig. Arsenic is a metalloid which can exist in various allotropes, finding its importance in semiconductors industry, pesticides, insecticides and as well as a wood preservative. Arsenic occurs naturally in the soil and groundwater in parts of california and is a known carcinogen that may also damage the developing brains of children and cause other health problems. There has been a substantial amount of research done to address arsenic in groundwater and drinkingwater supplies around the country. Arseniccontaminated groundwater endangers the health of millions of people in southern asia. Inorganic arsenic compounds are found in soils, sediments, and groundwater. Aquifers in bangladesh are located at a relatively shallow depth to deeper depth bhattacharya et al. Arsenic can have adverse health effects in people who drink water high in arsenic. One exception is in tazewell county, where the tazewell county health department sampled 590 private wells for arsenic in 1985. The california department of public health cdph regulates arsenic as a drinking water. With contributions from worldrenowned experts in the field, this book explores developments in the transport kinetics, detection, measurement, seasonal cycling, accumulation.
Arsenic contamination of both surface water and groundwater also is found in many latin american countries, but the full extent of the problem is not yet clear bundschuh et al. The multivariate factorial kriging results also demonstrated that seawater intrusion slightly affected the increase of arsenic in groundwater, accounting for only 17. The maximum contaminant level for total as in potable water has been established as 10. These compounds occur either naturally or as a result of mining, ore smelting, and industrial use of arsenic. Arsenic mobility and groundwater extraction in bangladesh. The most common source of arsenic contamination in ground water is the mobilization of naturally occurring arsenic on sediments. Arsenic has become increasingly important in environmental geochemistry because of its significance to human health. Yet in many places, populations have little choice but to continue drinking arsenic contaminated water and in some. Arsenic in groundwater igrac international groundwater.
Arsenic contamination in groundwater bioline international. Arsenic contamination of groundwater in different parts of the world is an outcome of natural andor anthropogenic sources, leading to adverse effects on human health and ecosystem. Arsenic in groundwater exists primarily as oxy anions representing two oxidation states. Proven alternatives for aboveground treatment of arsenic. These impacts include, but are not limited to, cancer of the skin, bladder, lung, kidney, nasal passages, liver and prostate usepa, 2001. Biological fate describe what happens when arsenic enters the body. There is wide variability in arsenic concentration over relatively small areas figure 2.